CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT - C.R.E K.C.S.E TOPICAL QUESTIONS

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

1. 1990 Q 45 a, b
(a) Discuss Environmental factors that threaten human existence

ANSWER

1. Destruction/exploitation of natural resources by man e.g. mining/poaching/exploitation of workers/child labour.
2. Environmental pollution e.g. air pollution, water pollution, garbage /toxic gases/forest fires/use of pesticides.
3. Modern science and technology e.g. production of atomic welfare and other sophisticated armaments which threaten the destruction of the world and annihilation of humankind.
4. Natural catastrophist like drought/flood/ earthquakes /hurricanes /volcanic eruptions / famine
5. Accidents e.g. factory accidents, automobile accidents, plane accidents, house fires.
6. Soil erosion
7. Use of drugs e.g. bhang, heroin, overdose of certain medicines.
8. Urbanization /natural vegetation gives way to building. Overcrowding/homelessness as a result to urbanization.
9. Injustice in the society where suffering is inflicted upon people by people through such practices as racism/sexism/apartheid/classism.
10. Wars and use of war weapons.
11. Destruction of the environment by animals etc.

(b) Explains ways in which Christians can contribute to the conservation of the environment

ANSWER

1. Christians should understand that the environment was created and sanctified by God and should be revered/kept holy.
2. Teach others the need and importance of preserving, rescuing, and caring for the environment
3. Make contribution towards the preservation, protection/caring for the environment in terms of money, time, ideas and equipment’s
4. Participate in conservation project e.g. planting of trees, digging of terraces/gabions/cleaning the environment.
5. Set an example in conservation of the environment keeping the environment clean.
6. Avoid buying and using products made from materials obtained through destruction of the environment e.g. game trophies/charcoal.
7. Observing of personal hygiene /cleanliness
8. Caring for the needy/the poor/the sick/the disable accident victims.
9. Caring for the flora and the fauna
10. Through sharing the fruits of the environment with justice.

2. 1992 Q 5a b
(a)  Discuss how modern science and technology could enhance Christians of God’s creation

ANSWER

1. Science and technology have enabled human being to formulate rules/make tools which help them to control /rule over the universe (as God told to be masters of the universe.
2. Through increase experimentation human beings have developed sophisticated technology e.g. harness nuclear power/traveling/saying in outer space for months. (This has made them wonder about God's creation. The astronauts who made it to the moon exclaimed the wonders of God).
3. Science and technology have been used to improve human/animals/plant life. Medical advances have led to disease control and even to extermination of some diseases thus prolonging life (e.g. more food production etc.)
4. Science and technology have helped in raising the standards of living (with more-machinery being produced and provided to help workers produce more with less effort
5. Science and technology have been used to serve the material/spiritual needs of human beings, (church have used scientific knowledge and discoveries in spreading the word of God in the world and in initiating development projects to help the people
6. Through technological advances the world has been reduced to a global village (e.g. through faster means of transport).
7. Christian understanding of creation is that man actively participates in God's creation (developments in science and technology are ways of man's participation in the creative work of God.
8. In spite of all the advances in science and technology there are questions about the mystery of the universe/creation that they cannot ensure and therefore human beings turn to God for those answers
9. Science and technology have been used to sustain /improve the environment for the benefit of human race /for the glory of God.
10. Science and technology have helped human beings to understand the wonderful order design  in the universe and made them ask the fundamental question, ("Who designed this order because it could not have happened by chance
11. Science and technology have helped Christians to share with others the wonderful works of Gad (e.g. by using modem mass media) electronic media.

(b)  Explain how science and technology challenges the Christian understanding of human dignity

ANSWER

1. Some scientists (e.g. Darwin) argue that man is a "chance" creature. (This view reduces the dignity of a person who according to Christian teaching was created by God in His (God's) own image.
2. Science and technology have been used to "create" thus taking the place of God eg test-tube, babies, transplants, sex change.
3. Science and technology have sometimes been used to destroy what has created (eg Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, used of chemical/ Biological weapons)
4. Some nations use their scientific and technology advances to oppress/humiliate other nations (or even to blackmail them, although all human beings are supposed to be equal.
5. Science and technology have created division in society in making some people richer than others.
6. Science and technology seem to have replaced human labour (in some cases or reduced man to a mere machine or a producing device).
7. The science theory of evaluation challenges the Christian view that man /woman created by God.
8. Science and technology have been used to deny people jobs/employment which was done by human beings)
9. Some countries have use their scientific and technological advances to subjugate/subordinate and to exploit the countries that are not scientifically and technological advanced.

3. 1994 Q 40
Explain problems caused by industrialization in a community

ANSWER

1. May lead to breakdown of community norms values morals
2. Destroys personal/leads to individualism where there is little or no consideration for the welfare others.
3. May lead to breakdown of family/ties/time for the family is limited the demands of the jobs.
4. May lead to other vices
5. May lead to exploitation of works
6. Causes health hazards /accidents in factories
7. May lead to pollution /air poisoning
8. May lead to exploitation of land resources

4. 1995 Q 7
State ways in which the church in Kenya is involved in rural development

ANSWER

1. Initiating community development projects such as health care facilities and microfinance institutions
2. Hosting workshops and seminars on development
3. Preaching and praying for peace and love
4. Advising the government on development matters
5. Building of schools in rural areas
6. Mobilizing and encouraging community members to work.

5. 1997 Q 6 b   (pp2)
(b) Explain the religious significance of the environment in traditional African communities (7 marks)

ANSWER

1. The environment was created by God/it is sacred/ to be reversed.
2. Each ethnic group believed that their homeland was given to them by God/it was a gift from God.
3. In some communities, the most important oaths were taken by one taking the soil as a symbol of land/environment.
4. African communities set aside certain places as sacred/ to symbolize God’s presence among them (e.g. mountains/ forests/caves/rivers /trees). These places were also used as places of worship.
5. Some communities hat totemic animals/birds/heavenly bodies which were considered sacred.
6. The environment demonstrated the relationship between god and the people at given times e.g drought/flood/epidemics) showed that God was annoyed with the people/good rains/ a bumper harvest/ green vegetation showed God’s blessings.
7. People believed that it was their religious obligation to take care of the environment.
8. Used the environment to reveal / understand God’s attributes/his nature (e.g. thunder/ lightning/ rain/ clouds/earthquakes/ volcanicity/eclipses/sun moon/stars.
9. Rites of passages were connected to the environment/ circumcision blood flowed to the soil to blind the initiate to the ancestors/ birth –placenta was buried in the ground/upon death the body was buried in the ground.
10. The Africans believed that the environment was the abode of the spirits/the living dead / the ancestors.

6. 2000 Q 20
Identify five ways in which a Christian can show respect for life today. (5 marks)

ANSWER

1. Care for / conserve the environment (e.g. planting trees/grass/flowers)
2. Avoiding pollution of water, air and land/through proper disposal of waste.
3. Caring for the less fortunate members of the society/helping the needy.
4. Condemning abortion.
5. Discouraging capital punishment
6. Practicing responsible parenthood/ discouraging child abuse.
7. Sharing natural resources with those who are unfortunate
8. Discouraging capital punishment
9. Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.      5x1= 5mks

7. 2002 Q 19
What roles can Christians play in the national election? (5 marks)

ANSWER

1. Pray for peace/wisdom
2. Vote
3. Report  any  form of law breaking  ie  rigging
4. Maintain peace
5. civic education
6. Be candidates
7. Accept results
8. Encourage others to participate in voting ( 5 x 1= 5 mks)

other featured questions

8. 2003 Q 6c (pp2)
Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering? (5 marks)

9. 2004 Q 19
State five ways in which modern science and technology undermine Christian teaching on respect for human life. (5 marks)

10. 2010 Q 6 (pp2)
(a) Explain the Christian view on plastic surgery in Kenya today. (10 marks)

(b) Describe four ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God. (4 marks)

(c) How can the youth in the Church carry out environmental restoration in Kenya today? (6 marks)

11. [2013] Q.6A (Pp. 2)
(a) Explain how science and technology has improved human life. (8 marks)

12. [2013] Q.6B (Pp. 2)
(b) Give six reasons why Christians are opposed to euthanasia. (6 marks)

13. [2013] Q.6C (Pp. 2)
(c) Identify ways through which Christians can help to control desertification. (6 marks)

14. [2015] Q.1C (Pp. 1)
Why should Christians in Kenya take care of the environment? (6 marks)

15. [2017] Q.6A (Pp. 2)
(a) Explain ways in which science and technology has improved human life. (8 marks)

16. [2017] Q.6B (Pp. 2)
(b) Give six reasons why the church in Kenya is opposed to cloning. (6 marks)

17. [2017] Q.6C (Pp. 2)
(e) State six reasons why a Christian should donate blood. (6 marks)

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